A Borderless World Does Not Preclude the Idea of a Home

A Borderless World Does Not Preclude the Idea of a Home The speech given by Patricia Evangelista was mainly about nationalism. According to her, a borderless world does not preclude or rule out one’s idea of a home. It is about being proud and appreciating our own country and appreciating even ourselves. A â€Å"borderless world† refers to an open world which can bring influences upon people. It may bring about changes in their culture, beliefs, traditions and others. There are many reasons why people, especially Filipinos, migrate to other countries. One of them is poverty. Most Filipinos think that if they go to other countries, they will have a happy and comfortable life. Many Filipinos are working abroad instead of working in the Philippines, their own country. There are a lot of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) especially in the Middle East. There are also others serving as domestic helpers, care givers, nurses, etc. The main cause for this is probably because the salary offered in other countries is higher compared to that in the Philippines. In spite of these, there are also Filipinos who became successful in other countries that are still here in the Philippines. Some may have been famous in the field of science and sports. Others may have been popular singers and actors or actresses. I was just like the speaker when I was little. I usually imagine myself being white and blonde; similar to what I see when I watch the television. While I grow older, I slowly learned to appreciate and be contented of myself. I also learned to love and be used of the country’s traditions and beliefs. I am proud to be a Filipino, and I am a true Filipino at heart.

Divorce †Cause and Effect Essay

Before a marriage is fully â€Å"matured† 3 out of 10 fail and resort in a divorce. No child want’s to hear the word divorce mentioned by their parents, little alone the other spouse. Many now a days seek divorce as an â€Å"easy way out,† given that they have an annulment. Some may even cheat the system and get married for the spouses money, title, or objects. The marriages that are there just for show, don’t tend to last as long and become unhappy. In a marriage anything can go wrong from bad communication, cheating, and abuse. Fyodor Dostoyevsky, once a Russian novelist said, â€Å"much unhappiness come into the world because of bewilderment and things left unsaid.† The number one reason marriages end is because of the lack of communication in the relation, according to Huffington Post. There are five main instances where a lack of communication can affect the marriage. The first one, is hiding your feelings. If you’re having a heated conv ersation with your spouse but keeping in feelings or problems then where is your relationship going to go? Oh I can help, nowhere. The next type is bodily or physical. Simply rolling your eyes, walking away from the conversation, shrugging your shoulder, or even the lack of eye contact can push someone away. A â€Å"win-lose attitude† is one of the most aggravating things for someone to do, personally. If someone always says, â€Å"it wasn’t me,† if they’re judgemental or a very negative person it can agitate you and even bring you down. Lastly a lack of politeness can make someone feel underappreciated. If you continuously do something for someone and they correspond in a uncaring manner you will tend to feel over time like you don’t matter. The simple command, like â€Å"take the dog out,† can seem abrasive. They’re no such thing as over kindness, if someone does something nice for you, you can just simply correspond with a â€Å"thank you.† â€Å"Thank you honey,† any house wife, or husband would love to hear of their spouse. Just by keeping the à ¢â‚¬Å"spark† between you and your spouse lite can help keep them interested in you, instead of others. Infidelity is the cause for 53% of a divorce. Only 31% of marriages last after a cheating incident, and a whopping 53% of relationships are cheated. Isn’t it ironic though how psychiatrists and marriage counselors are the top two professions for the divorce rate. you would think since they work with helping marriages, that they’d have a lower chance, I guess not in this case. Many events can lead to infidelity. After the first year in the marriage there is the same  habitual activities every day where the cheater may feel like they need something new in life, which is when someone may first turn to cheat. Having a child is a huge factor, it’ll affect the relationship no matter what you have done. The stress of having to completely care for another human being can affect you mentally, and some feel like they want to go out and have an adventure, but they turn to the wrong activity when that happens. When it comes to the 5th to 7th year, also known as â€Å"the seven year itch.† By this time most coup les may have obtained the â€Å"american dream,† but they start to become bored and unhappy, so they turn to something new, to change things up. Then there’s the mid-life crisis. Generally around this time you’ve spent 20 years with the person, but you’re just not quite sure that another 20 you want to be with the person. These instances are generally the reasons which fuels someone to cheat. It’s not always the case, but these are the times when infidelity is started. Just picture 5 million women, which is just a quarter of women in a marriage. That mere 25% is the percentage of women that have been in a abusive relationship. There’s six different way abuse can happen, the following are: physical, emotional, verbal, economic, mental, and sexual.Why do they do it? They seek to control their spouse. Emotional, mental, and verbal is generally how it starts, but then it can progress to sexual and economic. It can be hard for These types of abuse though don’t always pertain to the spouse, it could be happening to a child or children of the couple. To say divorce only affects the two joined in holy matrimony is an unstatement. The children, friends, family, everyone thats connected to the two can be effected. As a child that has divorced parent, since I was two, can say it still affects me. I have to figure out a time during break when I can go that doesn’t conflict too much with my sports, I barely get to see my dad, and it’s hard to see my mom work and earn all of the money, by herself for us. So if you don’t want your marriage to end try to keep good communication a priority, whatever you do don’t cheat, and be sure to check if you’re being or are abusive, so you can get help to work on it. Sources Facts, Infidelity. â€Å"Infidelity Facts and Information.† Infidelity Facts. n.d. 27 March 2014. Pave, Project. â€Å"6 Types of Abuse.† Just for Teens. n.d. 27 March 2014. Post, Huffington. â€Å"Divorce Causes: 5 Communication Habits That Lead To Divorce.† November 29, 2012. HuffPost. 27 March 2014.

Work based learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Work based learning - Essay Example The sales function would include the buying and selling of derivatives and other financial products in bulk or minimal quantity (HSBC, 2013h).Proprietary trading like hedging and other financial exposure would be required for specific industries (ICICI Direct, 2013b).Equity research divisions would require the analyst to analyze the investment market trends and then make research reports. This report will help in active trading and providing credit, fixed income, macroeconomic and quantitative research. This internship report will constitute details about investment banking operations worldwide and the research conducted by myself about the present investment market scenario. A research was conducted to understand the importance of the financial instruments and the buying and selling procedure of the financial instruments in the Shanghai financial market. The internship project will be introduced with my work based learning experience in HSBC Investment Direct (Sales department). Fin ally the study would conclude with the outcome learned by me from the work based learning experience in HSBC Direct Investment. Hong Kong Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd (HSBC) is one of the most renowned British banking corporations headquartered in London (HSBC, 2013a). The financial corporation is regarded as one of the leading banking corporations, which were established in the year 1865 and the first branch was opened in the year 1991. Presently, the company has around 7200 offices located worldwide in 86 countries and a customer base of 89 million. The company offers finance and insurance, consumer, corporate, investment banking, investment mortgage and credit card. The company owns 45 equity brokerage houses which is listed in the stock exchanges and has more than 394 broking firms. The banking corporation owns more than 9000 brokers and 80 percent of the annual turnover is generated

Dispersion of Inflation Rates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Dispersion of Inflation Rates - Essay Example According to the paper the inference is not necessarily correct: other explanations are equally logical and sufficiently important to be worth serious consideration. Many countries might experience inflation at the same time without international transmission of inflationary forces because they respond in the same way to common causes. All countries have undergone long-period institutional and structural changes which, although not in themselves inflationary, have made them more vulnerable to inflation. One of these changes is a widespread increase in the resistance to reductions of nominal prices and wages. Another is the growing role of the public sector in most national economies, a development that may increase the vulnerability to inflation in a number of different ways, which are discussed in the appendix to this paper. Another possible cause of a decrease in the dispersion of rates of change in consumer prices and other comprehensive price indexes, such as gross national produ ct deflators, is a convergence in the rates of productivity growth of different countries. These comprehensive price indexes tend to diverge from the corresponding national indexes of wholesale prices in degrees related to the growth in a countrys productivity. If changes in national wholesale prices continue to be tied together, a convergence of national rates of productivity growth would cause a convergence of changes in their consumer price indexes and GNP deflators.

Research J 5.4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research J 5.4 - Essay Example The attributes of these variables are exhaustive and mutually exclusive and is the weakest level of measurement. The elements are not assumed that one is greater than the other. In criminal justice, nominal measure has limited knowledge. For example, when determining whether an offender is driven to crime by lifestyle or place they were brought up (Bayens & Roberson, 2010). Ordinal measurements variables are ranked in a particular order. Examples include occupation of persons, level of crime and police opinion. Ordinal measure satisfies the exclusiveness and exhaustiveness requirements. For example, we can group criminals according to arrests types made. Muggers, car thefts, house break-ins and murderers can be in different groups. These ranking of events give a representation of an ordinal order. It is irrelevant where the arrest was made, whether miles away or in proximity (Maxfield & Babbie, 2012). Interval measure assumes that categories are different and can be ranked and ordered. The distance between the numbers from one to another have some meaning. For example, a criminal with ten arrests and another with two arrests, the interval measure between the criminals, we can conclude that the first criminal has a more serious crime record than the second one. Ratio scale gives the highest scale of measurement. The categories must be rank ordered and different. The variable categories must be capable of being compared by the use of ratios with other categories. These variables must have meaning of the distance between categories. For example, if an offender is arrested four times in a given period and another twice in the same period, the latter is arrested twice as many times as the former (Hagan, 2013). The reason I would prefer ratio scale to other levels of measurement is that, it carries more information. It is used in comparison with another range of categories of numbers or ratios. Most researchers use ratio scale in reporting and

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 42

Marketing - Essay Example A personal touch with the customer, understanding his need, proper courtesy and a genuine smile is all that he longs for. It has something more to do with Max Weber bureaucracy or organizational pyramid (2) where everyone points a finger to the other one. In last two decade, the entire marketing scenario has gone through a paradigm shift and excellent customer service appears to be the deciding factor in this changing order. First of all, it is the sense of belonging, the proud ownership of the employees that literally change the face of the organization. The training of the employees that makes them serve the customer in a better manner plays the pivotal role. He should learn to communicate effectively, put a genuine smile in his face and be willing to serve his customer in every conceivable way. The stuffs should also know how to outmaneuver the customer without compromising the It is observed that a typical grocery shop stores 30,000 products and the owner answers same no of quarries. In supermarket the product listing may cross well past six digit marks but the product information which needs to be volunteered is surprisingly absent. The profit surges upwards if some subtle changes can be taken care of. For instance, Wal-Mart has a concerted return policy and a podium in every store where anyone can put a question regarding any service (3).The resultant outcome is a satisfied customer who returns again and again – to contribute to the profit of the organization. There can be multi pronged way to provide better customer care in a supermarket. Firstly, the proper motivations of the employees that work wonder. â€Å"At IBM, every one sells† as Buck Rodgers had put it in his best seller ‘The IBM Way’ (4) which should be the anthem of every supermarkets which aspires to make it big. From the doorman to the casher, every one needs to work in unison, compromising over everything except company ethics and profitability. The

United Kingdoms Social Policy with Reference to Child Poverty under Term Paper

United Kingdoms Social Policy with Reference to Child Poverty under the New Labour Government - Term Paper Example One of the roles of the government is the formation of a legal framework and approach towards various activities that affect the living conditions of its citizens. The formation and application of these legal frameworks present various challenges while at the same time managing to improve the affected person’s standard of living. The concept under which a government seeks to improve the welfare of its citizens by the formation and implementation of various legislations and guidelines is referred to as a social policy. To illustrate the concept in detail, this essay will focus on the United Kingdoms’ social policy with reference to child poverty under the New Labour government. The gaps existing in policy development will also be given. The evaluation will be guided by information sourced from various written policy documents and statements from key politicians regarding child poverty (Davies 2008). Child poverty can be defined as a situation where a household lacks adequate resources to live above a generally agreed lifestyle. The British government approached child poverty from four aspects which are enshrined under the 2010 Child Poverty Act (Preston 2008). Under the Act, child poverty is defined from four perspectives, namely: relative low-income poverty, absolute low-income poverty, persistent low-income poverty and finally material deprivation. Under the relative low-income poverty, a child is deemed poor if their family’s income is below 60% of the median income. Absolute low-income poverty arises where a child’s family constantly holds an income of less than 60% of the median income for one fiscal year. The Act identifies persistent low-income poverty as one where a child’s household lives on an income of less than 60% of the median household income for a period exceeding 3 years.  

Foundations of Criminal Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Foundations of Criminal Law - Assignment Example Fraud losses impact deeply or adversely almost every aspect in business. The fraud management is mainly encountered through the Deterrence, Prevention, Detection, Mitigation, Analysis, Policy, investigation and Prosecution3. Although definitions of legal insanity differs according to states, generally a person is considered insane and not responsible for a criminal conduct if, at the time of the offense, as a result of a severe mental disease or defect, he is not able to appreciate the nature and quality of his criminal act4. SET 1 Case 1 The article is about a case against a person named Lord Hanningfield who had been held guilty for using the funds of Essex County Council mainly for his own personal interests by citing false claims. It is a case of theft by false accounting. Theft is defined as a punishable offence where a person may wish to dishonestly obtain property belonging to other5. There are five elements of theft which are appropriation, property, belonging to other, with the intention of depriving the other permanently and dishonesty6. Theft by false accounting arises when a person dishonestly destroys or falsifies an account or any record required for an accounting purpose. Also if the information furnished by the person, who may be required by any accounting purpose, is untrue by the knowledge of the person, it is also known to be theft arising out of false accounting7. False accounting is used to obtain more funds from the banks or related institutions8. In the article Lord Hanningfield was found guilty of using the funds of Essex County Council by submitting receipts and claims which were found to be false. It was found that he had provided false details about his travel expenditures to draw money out of the council. He had submitted a receipt of ?500 for traveling which was found to be false. He also used the facility of a chauffeur driven car provided by Essex County Council to his home when the distance was only of 46 miles. The normal allowa nce level is ?174 for a single night without a receipt. Lord Hanningfield had repeatedly violated this provision. He had booked for airfares to India and hotels outside London which were booked by others. Also, it was found that Lord Hanningfield was in full knowledge about the false claims when it was being committed. This is a case of fraud caused by theft in accounting as it satisfies the five elements for causing a theft a well as accounting inappropriately that is caused intentionally. However, Lord Hanningfield claim that he had used the money which he is entitled to does not provide a clear picture of theft. The above mentioned law does not explain this clause as whether the defendant had utilized his rights or it was a fraudulent behavior. The article is insufficient to deduce if it was fraud by abuse of position. There are statutory conditions against fraud caused by theft of false accounting. On conviction, the accused can be sentenced to imprisonment for a term not exceed ing seven years 9. Case II In this case of fraud, the wife of a policeman was alleged of taking part in a ?10 million mortgage scam for the exchange of the high value goods. This is the case of fraud by false representation. A person is said to be in violation of this law if he person makes a false representation through dishonest means, for the intentions of reaping gains for him or

Christianity and mathematics Essay Example for Free

Christianity and mathematics Essay This paper deals with interrelation between Christianity and mathematics. It has been observed that God is the creator of this universe and He is also the creator of our various mathematical formulae and deductions. Like Universe and God, they are also eternal and cannot be ever destroyed. The paper has also described how Christianity has described the relation between God and our numeric system, which is the basic foundation of Mathematics. Christianity and mathematics 3 Link between Christianity and mathematics – philosophical aspect Let us consider the formulae for earths mass distribution, orbital path of celestial bodies and population fluctuation. They are simple mathematical formulae that describe the creation of this universe and humanity. According to Christianity, who is the creator of this Earth? It is none than the God himself. Jonathan Zderad (2003) has stated in the article written in the website http://www. acmsonline. org/Zderad-creationism. pdf that universe, that is the creation of God is hardwired by the laws of mathematics. If one have a look at the theorems of mathematics, it seemed that they were true before time began and will continue to be true after time lapses. Jonathan has mentioned this in his article in the above mentioned website. Mathematics exists beyond human thought and logic. Christianity believes that only God can create such things which are eternal and divine. Jonathan (2003) has mentioned in his article that mathematics existed beyond time and space. According to Christianity, only God, the supreme power behind this human existence can exist beyond time and space. It is very much clear from the Biblical records that god gives value to numbers. To quote from the above mentioned website, â€Å"For Christians, God’s counting is what gives the believer a place in heaven. Jesus compared himself to a shepherd who leaves the ninety-nine sheep to rescue one sheep that is lost. He values each and every one of us. † (p. 6). Jonathan Zderad (2003). The Holy Bible has drawn many references from the numeric system of mathematics. How Christianity is linked to basic numeric system of mathematics Jonathan (2003) has also described in the above mentioned article how Christianity is Christianity and mathematics 4 related to our numeric system. The author has described that while the Number represents unity, number 2 is the symbol of fellowship and number 3 representing the community. The author states that these numbers represent spiritual qualities. The author has stated in the article that Bible has enough indications that it is God who has created the series of integers, rational and irrational numbers and real numbers. Jonathan has argued in the article that Bible has strong reference to the concept of counting. Numbers were generally used to describe dimension while building a place of worship. How Creation of God is linked with creation of mathematics The author has also suggested in the above article that there is a clear view of Christian view of Mathematics, which is described as creationism. Creationism has got four aspects. The first one is continuity. God makes his own creation in such a way that it is continuous. The second aspect is activity. The author has stated that he has created all these mathematical entities out of his own mental divine activities. The third one has been described as the abstract object inclusive. To quote, â€Å"As a general rule, theists would include mental objects and spiritual objects in the list of God’s invisible creation. Creationism also includes abstract objects like propositions, relations, and universals in this list of God’s invisible creation†. (p7). Jonathan Zderad (2003). The fourth one is that it is mathematically inclusive. It believes that Mathematical objects are created by God and they have an eternal quality, which can only proceed from the mind of God. Christianity and mathematics 5 Reference Zderad, Jonathan. (2003) Creationism – A Viable Philosophy of Mathematics. www. acms. org. Retrieved on 15th December, 2008, from http://www. acmsonline. org/Zderad-creationism. pdf

Response to Buckley Essay Essay Example for Free

Response to Buckley Essay Essay According to William F. Buckley, American people everywhere have refrained from Trying to rectify irrational vexations (32). In Buckley essay, Why Dont We Complain? he explains some situations that he was involved in where no one would complain to repair an uncomfortable situation. Through out the essay, Buckley gives three reasons why he believes that the American people do not complain. I agree strongly with Buckley theories. I think that American people do not complain in situations where a complaint is needed. The first theory that he stated is that everyone expects someone else to complain (33). One of the worst ways to solve a dilemma is to expect someone else to do it prior to you. Situations come up all the time where someone is needed to stand out above the rest of the people to get the problem solved. However, what if no one is willing to be the one who attempts to solve the situation? Does this mean the situation will not get fixed? I believe this type of situation happens more than people notice. Expecting someone else to solve the problem was one of the powerful points I felt that Buckley explained in his essay. An example that he used demonstrated this point very well. He was on a train where the temperature was very uncomfortable. It was 85 degrees in the train when the temperature was below freezing outside. He knew that everyone was suffering from the heat, including himself, but no one asked to get the temperature altered (31-32). He then stated this is because people have given up trying to rectify irrational vexations (32). They expect someone else to complain about an unpleasant situation. One example that I recall where this had occurred to me was at work while I was putting in place underground cable. It was an extremely hot day and a very hard day of work. By 4:00 in the afternoon, the water cooler was empty and I was very thirsty. I thought that everyone else was dehydrated also, so I did not pronounce anything to foreman about the empty cooler. By the end of the long day, around 9:00 at night, it was time to go home. Over that entire period, the water cooler never was filled because everyone expected someone else to tell the foreman, who was not accepted by many of my co-workers. The second theory that Buckley used is that people are afraid to state their mind (33). Are people apprehensive to complain? Buckley thinks that people can be afraid to complain. He stated that we are all increasingly anxious in America to be unobtrusive, we are reluctant to make our voices heard, hesitant about claiming our rights; we are afraid that our cause is unjust, or that if it is not unjust, that it is ambiguous, or if not even that, that it is too trivial to justify the horrors of a confrontation with Authority (33). I feel that people sometimes can be scared to fight for their cause. They are afraid what result may come from it. Sometimes I am worried to complain. I think that the cause is not worth the complaint or I may be terrified of what someone may think of me if I complain. An example that I recall where I was afraid to complain happened to me just recently. I took my truck in to a repair shop to get some work done on it. I would call every day to see if it was done, but each time I spoke to the service guy, he would tell me that the mechanic could not find the problem. He placed many new parts in my truck and still did not solve the problem. After two weeks of work, I got my truck back. It was merely a simple problem the mechanic could not locate because of his inexperience. I wanted to complain about the time-consuming service and the lousy mechanic, but I thought that maybe it was unjust because they were busy. I agree with the theory that Buckley includes because I can think of many times where I have felt this way. Should people be afraid to complain or should they always be free minded about an unjust cause? The third point that was made in the essay by Buckley states that the high-powered government is taking rights away from the people. He states, very year, whether the Republican or the Democratic Party is in office, more and more power drains away from the individual to feed vast reservoirs in far-off places; and we have less and less say about the shape of events which shape our future (36). He also says that we accept the government power to hold upon us (36). The government is responsible for the great number of American deaths in Korea and is now responsible for billions of tax dollars spent every year. However, only a few Americans are willing to stand up against the government and strive for what they feel is right. Is this because of the high-powered government? I feel that this may result in  decreasing complaints, but I do not agree completely. The government may have a lot of power over America but I think that Buckley other points support his case stronger. After analyzing Buckley essay, I started to focus on situations like those that he used as examples in the essay. I found many of the same incidents that Buckley stated in the essay true. I thought that the reasons that he uses had significance in the essay. People are expecting someone else to complain, people being afraid, and people not complaining because of the government increase in power all seem like strong-based theories to me.

Volkswagen Groups Strategy And Automobile Industry Marketing Essay

Volkswagen Groups Strategy And Automobile Industry Marketing Essay The MQB platform is an automobile platform of the Volkswagen Group. The companys strategic program or plan of the business is known as Strategy 2018 plus it is designed to produce the Volkswagen Group globally innovator in the 2018. By developing a standard, compatible list of parts from which to produce a number of automobiles, VW intends to reduce the overall time, which is normally taken to construct a car by 30%. One of the ways of judging the position of specific industry is evaluating by Porter five forces model. MQB will permit an enormous financial savings because of economic climates of scale as well as that the financial savings will permit the higher utilization of high durability products in automobiles, which makes them less dangerous and well made. Key words: automobile industry, MQB platform, strategy, economy of scale, Porter Introduction: The Volkswagen Group is located in Germany and is particularly among the worlds top automobile suppliers as well as the leading automobile company in the Europe. The Group comprises 10 brand names and every brand features its own character and functionality as a separate entity in the marketplace. The companys strategic program or plan of the business is known as à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ªtrategy 2018à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥ plus it is designed to produce the Volkswagen Group globally innovator in the 2018. Volkswagen is currently striving to improve and enhance its product sale to be able to produce over 10 million automobiles annually, as well as to boost the return on product sales prior to tax to a minimum of 8%. To attain these objectives, the MQB system will be having a huge role. (Wiedemann, 2011) MQB Platform: The MQB platform is an automobile platform of the Volkswagen Group. It stands for à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ·Ã¢â‚¬ ¢erman Modularer Querbaukastenà ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥ which can be translated into à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ¢odular Transverse Matrixà ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥, with which Volkswagen Group can design a wide variety of transverse, FWD drive models by using the same set of components. Usually, each automobile platform is designed specifically for a market segment and is shared between cars of similar size. Volkswagen, is now creating shared modular platforms to serve the needs of its different divisions, thus the MQB platform is the most recent and will be used for vast market models with FWD cars. (Wiedemann, 2011) Together with the MQB platform the primary thins regarding improvement is the dimension that needed to be fixed between the firewall and the axles. The wheelbase, track as well as rear overhangs along with width all can be developed as needed in the style. The MQB will handle various models of Volkswagen. For instance, it handles the following designs: Gold, Passats, Jetta, Scirocco, Beetle, and VW CC. In the foreseeable future, most of these versions could theoretically be manufactured about the same assembly line as well as it will eventually be achievable to create MQB designs of various brand names collectively. The primary new automobiles to be created would be in line with the MQB is definitely the successor towards the Golf as well as towards the next generation Audi A3 models. (Wiedemann, 2011) By developing a standard, compatible list of parts from which to produce a number of automobiles, VW intends to reduce the overall time, which is normally taken to construct a car by 30%. Normally, the vehicles by VW normally have 40kg weight, which is lighter in weight as compare to the todays counterparts. One of the most notable attribute from the MQB is the standard placement of all new types of engines, which are helping as well as accommodating the two new series of 4 cylinder based family series. The Groups engine as well as the gear package variations within the MQB system will probably be lowered simply by 90% due to the brand new engines, and also the MQB allows the same mounting placement for all present substitute drive ideas from propane and for hybrid designs. (Wiedemann, 2011) Working with a standard placement for all kinds of engines as well as transmissions is definitely a huge advantage. It could be a diesel-powered engine, electric powered motor; plug in hybrid arrangement or even gas based engines, all may be fit evenly which makes it much more suitable. An unequaled performance can also be purchased with this uniformity in engine and in transmission. The predicted quantity of automobiles in the future with this particular brand new platform is around 3.5 million which includes modest automobiles as well as normal sized sedans, also for the success of this project of VW will spend billions of dollars. Improving the automobile plants towards MQB system will certainly incur a large amount of price but concurrently itll reduce the price of manufacturing by almost 20% and reduce the assemblage times by a remarkably 30%. (Horrell, 2011) One of the ways of judging the position of specific industry is evaluating by Porter five forces model. According to this theory, there exist five major forces in industry that determines the overall profitability of that industry. Grundy (2006) stated that porter five forces model has boosted strateigic management to the new horizon of management world. (Grundy 2006) New Entry Threat Throughout this automobile production business, this is certainly a minimal threat. Issues to look at in this threat contain all hurdles to accessibility in market. For example, advance investment capital, brand equity, regulation and state policies, and capability to deliver the merchandise (Porter, 1996) .As the Volkswagen is one of the leading and famous manufacturers of automobile, so they have no threat of entry of new company. They are already the biggest automobile manufacturers in Europe. Moreover, in case of automobiles, customers usually prefer there trusted brands and companies. Volkswagen is one of the leading automobile manufacturers so they have less threat of any new entry in the market. Moreover, they are continuously focusing on product innovation that is why they have less risk from any new company entering in market. (Porter, 1996) Vendors Bargaining Power The bargaining power of vendors is also a major factor. It means that exactly how strong could be the position of your vendor. Exactly how much the vendor has influence over raising the rates of products? Vendors tend to be stronger if vendors are focused as well as properly organized, a small number of alternatives available in the market to products, their particular goods is usually most reliable or distinctive and you are usually not a major client to Vendor. Whenever vendors possess extra control over products as well as its rates which segment is significantly less appealing. It is better approach to produce win-win relationship with vendors. It is wise decision to acquire multiple-options of supply (Avila, 2001). In the automobile industry, it is generally referred to the supplier of spare parts engine parts, car accessories etc. It also includes the auto-unions. The vendors can charger high prices for the supplies as the VW MQB platform is a new reform in automobile industry so suppliers can charge extra amount. In order to avoid this problem, the company has to look for multiple suppliers for their machinery and raw materials. Strong vendors can increase the rate of their products that eventually increases the cost of industry. In this competitive market, the high vendor bargaining power can cause some serious damages to the Volkswagen. (Avila, 2001) Alternative products If customers can examine to the level of competition or some other similar products and services, and switch quickly there could possibly be a great danger of this particular force. Because of brand new motors, the particular switching cost is actually huge due to the fact a person will not be able to sell the brand new motor vehicle for the similar amount, he paid for it (Grundy A. N., 1997). The beginning of MQB is predicted to take the entire Volkswagen Group one single level nearer to their aim to become the particular worlds number-one motor vehicle producer, overtaking Toyota as well as General Motors. Therefore, Volkswagen group will face fewer chances that their customer will switch to some other cars. Innovation in products is the key element of Volkswagen success. There new MQB platform will help Volkswagen to produce more innovate motor vehicles and they can save up to 25 percent cost. These cost effective innovate motor vehicles will persuade customers to buy the Volkswag en products. (Grundy A. N., 1997). Market Competition Market competition means the level of rivalry between the current competing firms already in the market. Level of competition relies upon on how many competing firms and their functionality. Market competition is higher when: à ¨Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ¯ Generally, there are usually number of limited or similar competing firms and significantly less whenever there is a definite industry leader. à ¨Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ¯ Buyers have less switching costs à ¨Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ¯ Market is developing à ¨Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ¯ Exit obstacles are higher and competitors stay and also remain competitive à ¨Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ¯ Fixed expenses are huge resulting massive manufacturing as well as decrease in prices These types of scenarios create the grounds for advertising and marketing wars, improvements, price wars and eventually rates increase and it is challenging to remain competitive (Mahan McGowan, 1998) All top manufacturer of automobile faces that kind of problem. The automobile industry is growing rapidly in European countries and like all other car manufacturers, Volkswagen has to face tough competition in market from existing competitors. Volkswagen is facing a tough competition from General Motors and Toyota. Though Volkswagen is considered as the leading automobile manufacturer in Europe, it still faces intense competition from its rivals. The MQB will definitely enables the Group to create both high-quantity as well as niche versions at the maximum quality as well as incredibly competitive prices in the long run and also world wide-vehicles which are separately designed for the needs of extremely diversified industry like as America, China, Europe and also growing markets like India. (Mahan McGowan, 1998) Negotiating Power of the customers Customers refer to the particular buyers who ultimately acquire the product or service or even the companies who deliver the particular industrys product or service to your final customers. Negotiating potential of customers refer to the actual ability of customers to cut down the price levels charged by companies in the market or raise the firms expense in the market by asking for improved quality as well as service of goods. Strong customers can get revenue from of a market by reducing the selling prices and raising the costs. They will buy in huge amounts. They have complete details regarding the product or service and the market. They will stress on high quality products and solutions. They pose credible threat of backward integration. In this way, they are regarded as a threat (Thurlby, 1998). Literature Review: In February, 2012, Volkswagen intends to make majority of their technology designs with its all-new MQB System and it is such a sensible decision, which will certainly provide enormous economic advantages to the company. Moreover, it is revealed that Audi as well as Skoda will be manufactured on the same platform; the initial product example of this platform is in fact Audi A3. On the other side, the next generation Skoda is coming in the market by the ends of 2013, which will be entirely based on the VW and MQB platform. Exactly the same platform may also be used by the near future versions of the additional VW Soda, Polo and VW Vento. On the other hand, VW Polo coming from MQB platform, the Skoda of 2014 will be having the same size however will provide an extended wheelbase, therefore enhancing the room interior. Furthermore, the Skoda Fabia, of 2014 will likely to have a gasoline engine alternative along with80 BHP power as well as 1.2 Liter displacements. (Volkswagen group intro ducing, 2012) The MQB system platform, referred to as à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬Å"ong termà ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥ structures, the working platform is adequately flexible to underpin automobiles like small Polo and for big sized Passat. Most importantly, it is being declared that these types of designs could theoretically be constructed on a single manufacturing range. This will likely allow Volkswagen to generate additional high size along with market automobiles at lowered costs. The working platform may also be lighter in weight than present architectures and permit for standard installing of gasoline as well as diesel-powered engines. (Volkswagen group introducing, 2012) On 2nd February, 2012 it was declared that the brand new platform is placed to appear under each of the brand new Audi and VW versions in the future years, which is more likely to come in some more. Were able to anticipate probably a manufacturing edition of previous years Cross Coupe idea. (Colwell, 2012) Volkswagen declares the platform of MQB simple as à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬Å"ong termà ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥ structures, made to manufacture products just like Polo, to a family automobile to as large as the Passat. Developed to be lighter in weight than each of the brands present similar systems, the MQB will even provide diesel, petrol, as well as several renewable energy power locomotives. The very first versions to come out on the brand new platform would be the fresh 7th era Golf, as well as the latest Audi A3 with sedan. (Colwell, 2012) Also, on 26th march, 2012, on VW annual income headline, it was exposed that the business produced à ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ¢9.3 billion throughout the year of 2011, up greater than 50%, Michal Macht, the panel fellow member responsible for group manufacturing, mentioned: à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ­he following 2 to 3 years are great for all of us, and during this period we plan to maintain the technological innovation to ourselves. We dont want to reveal our superiority; however in the moderate to long-term were able to promote the technological innovation. We might need to consider the possibilities and examine whether or not they made impression.à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥ (Colwell, 2012) VW Group reports to create a lot more than 6 million vehicles to the platform throughout VW, Audi, Seat and Skoda brand names by way of 2018. the chief of Volkswageon, who was simply offered a à ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ¢14.2 million reward for the companys achievement, recently, stated the investment decision within the MQB framework would start to pay back coming from 2014. Winterkorn predicted the fact that the VW has expended close to à ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ¢50 billion dollars over 4 years inside the establishing and employing the MQB system. (Holder, 2012) à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ­he brand new Golf has to be huge leap and much better than the vehicle it replaces, à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ °e stated. à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ²e have spent greatly in this particular technological innovation, however were confident the advantages is going to be obvious for the business. Making the MQB system as well as organizing the production facilities to generate it needs spending in 2012 and also 2013, however from then on the repayment should begin to come.à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥ (Holder, 2012) Additionally, there are many brand names, much more sections, plus more automobiles ever is probably no more apparent than inside the Volkswagen, along with its Ten marquees as well as more than 200 models throughout the world. VW is currently making shared lift-up systems to assist the requirements of its various subsidiaries. The most recent is known as MQB. (Holder, 2012) In future, the platform of MQB will help in almost everything through the small VW up to the giant Passat. Generally virtually any VW Group product which supports its engine sideways right in front from the cabin will probably be MQB, thats about 60 vehicles. Volkswagen intends to go ahead and take platform idea towards the extreme, even though it wont reveal particular minimal and optimum proportions, however to obtain a great idea of the array we could examine it to the present Passat (it isnt constructed using the MQB system platform, however its equally sized alternative will probably be) there is in fact a 15 inches of wheelbase speared, however the actual width varies up to the 8 inches between two, and also the size variation is more than 50 inches wide. Therefore, its very diverse. (CarWale Team, 2012) MQB can nearly be looked at as the best development of certain component sharing, instead of just one particular system. It really is flexible enough to allow for several elementary components to be made from lightweight aluminum through communizing all of the subsystems in the automobile (motors engines, headgear installation factors, as well as MIB, Volswageons flip-up infotainment technique, for instance), generation and growth can be more efficient and therefore revenue could be at the maximum. Moreover, the platform MQB is based on a brand new system that signifies a lot more than the usual framework which can be modified to be used in the wide selection of products. Volkswagen referred to as it à ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¢he central source of light as well as safe automobilesà ©Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¥. It goes with supplying a chassis which can be extended or reduced to suit various automobiles, to just one that gives its electric cabling, motors, as well as air-conditioning devices, and trans forming. (Volkswagen is leading, 2012) In the coming future, the development of MQB is anticipated to create the Volkswagen Group one stage nearer to its objective to become the worlds leading auto producers. As outlined by Macht, the brand new MQB system platform will certainly make use of typical elements throughout Volkswagens various brand names as well as products however it will even standardize the production sequences throughout products along with worldwide production places. Even though identical strategies to standardization along with modularization are already implemented by rivals of Volkswagen, in the past the company has struggled hard to have control on the marketplace. (Mike, 2012) Findings The MQB system enables the VW group to create globally higher quantity as well as market versions at very competing price in the long run. The MQB makes use of synergies within key technology as well as enables higher financial systems of scales with the manufacturing line. This would be the groundbreaking part of the auto growth and manufacturing. By using MQB system, VWs development and progression could be efficient and income can be at the maximum. All automobiles depending on MQB tend to be 40kg lighter in weight compared to their quick predecessors, this leads to increasing the gas mileage coming from all MQB-based versions. (Sathiyanarayanan, 2012) The recent MQB idea is having a main architectural benefit for VWs within the worldwide auto business, letting it to decrease the price and become more competing on costs. With this way it may gain share of the market from (TM) Toyota Motors and (GM) General Motors to turn into the worlds biggest auto producer. Due to the MQB system, versions additionally gain in performance and satisfaction. MQB enables the VW Group to create both higher volume as well as specialized niche products with the best quality and very competing prices in the long run and throughout the world. (Bidsar, 2012) MQB will permit an enormous financial savings because of economic climates of scale as well as that the financial savings will permit the higher utilization of high durability products in automobiles, which makes them less dangerous and well made. The standardization will even lessen the price of production of elements and offers capability of sourcing. The decrease in the price of procuring signifies that Volkswagen can offer functions and products of high quality vehicles in low budget automobiles. The MQB system based automobiles will probably be both competitively priced and also with the price at the same time. Furthermore, it will likewise be packed with functions compared to the different brands coming in the market. (Bidsar, 2012)

The Characters of Chandlers The Big Sleep :: sleep

The Characters of Chandler's The Big Sleep    The differences between the characters in Hawks' adaptation of Chandler's The Big Sleep and the novel are obvious to someone who has noticed the details on both. Of course there are positive and negative aspects to such choices which Hawks makes in his film and those decisions which Hawks made from novel to movie should be examined and questioned whether they helped or hindered the production of The Big Sleep. One of the major differences, and I would argue a drawback, in the film version is the representation of the characters and the predictable ending. Looking specifically at Marlowe and Mrs. Regan, it is easy to see that Hawks changed some things about their characters simply because of the high profile actors: Bogart and Bacall. Such a change in the characters was most likely a decision made by Hawks in order to make the novel more believable or exciting to the audience, perhaps assuming the majority of the viewers may not have read the novel. The end of the movie w as completely predictable and I think Hawks took the easy way out when making his decision to end with Marlowe and Regan ending up in love. The changes Hawks made in the characters as well as the end are ones that I assume Hawks made on the basis of what he thought would produce the best film. I can respect Hawks' goal, but I think anyone who has read the novel would agree that the novel is the better version between the two.    Starting with the character of Marlowe, the differences in his character are major ones. In the novel Marlowe is somewhat of a loner- a characteristic that I found intriguing. It is made clear that Marlowe knows this about himself and even revels in this aspect of his personality. He likes to ponder things alone and does not even long for company. Throughout the novel, there are several instances where Marlowe is put in social situations and is always strictly business. Marlowe has drinks with Mr. Geiger while doing business, but does not elaborate on conversation with him. Marlowe is very subdued and laid back in his manner; when he is done talking business with Mr.

Joyce Campbell :: Short Stories Papers

Joyce Campbell Melissa Everett was sitting comfortably in her swivel chair staring down on the busy city of New York. She dreamily began talking to herself: â€Å"How lucky I am,† she thought. â€Å"My life is so perfect right now, my family supports me and I have great friends.† She calmly looks around her large office and thinks to herself, â€Å"And look how far I have come!† She thinks back to her struggles and to her climb up the companies latter. â€Å"Without the help of Joyce, I and several of the other female executives of Tie Technologies would not be here. How did she do it? I wonder how it was back then†¦.† Melissa eyes grew slightly heavy, her head filled with thoughts and she quickly slipped into a light sleep†¦. June 27th, 1957. The sun was out; the sky was blue, dusted with only a few white clouds. This morning was like any other morning: Typical. The sun was shining warmly onto the houses, cars and people of Apple Lane. Number 203, residence to Gregory and Judy Stephenson was a bustle. This newly built large brick home is surrounded with others identical to itself. In this suburban neighborhood, the streets are cluttered with children and mother’s offering goodbyes to their loved ones as the men commute to their work. Judy stands waving softly to the old Cadillac pulling out of the driveway. Her skirt blows into the air, and her wispy blonde bangs sweep to the side of her face. She holds her baby girl in her arms and touches the shoulder of the young boy below her. It’s very early, she dresses her children for school and shovels them out of the door an hour or so later. She crochets, bakes a few batches of cookies for her returning children, walks to the market to purchase the necessary items for dinner - baked potatoes, carrots and flank steaks - and decides to walk over to her friend Joyce's house. She arrives; unfortunately the bottom inch of her skirt has been caked with wet dust, and approaches a young woman with a big straw hat on reading quietly on her porch. It is routine. Judy sits down next to her takes out her new romantic novel and decides to go make herself cold lemonade.

Organization Psychology Essay

During the period between 2002 and 2005 a cancer center in Jordan i. e. King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) changed its organization model from traditional to transformed model. The need for transformation was in response to external factors of the environment in order to accommodate the needs of its stakeholders. Initially the center was called Al-Amar center which had operations and image problems that were affecting the organization (Miller, 2006). Al-Amar centre was perceived to be ineffective institution for caring of cancer . However it has transformed into a comprehensive centre for cancer that resemble western styles. The name of this centre changed to King Hussein Cancer Centre (KHCC) following the change between 2002 and 2005 there were improved care services and improved its quality levels. In the same period the center was accredited and achieved Joint Commission International (JCI) (Miller, 2006). Organization Psychology Following the changes of KHCC it was able to achieve accountability, fiscal balance, certificate of accreditation from the international body and diversification of the service. There are three concepts which are believed to have led to the rapid changes in KHCC these are transnational culture, transformational leadership and political competence (Jeffrey, Gregory & Andrew, 2007). Both natural and political values are included in transformational leadership formulation. Transformational leadership can be explained by looking at the values, norms and cultural organization behavior; others are like internal negotiations, political influence in assessing such resources and setting external boundaries. The mechanisms that facilitated changes lie within the capabilities of the leaders and their behavior. The leaders in KHCC were seen to sacrifice themselves a great deal in drawing out themselves and the followers. The leaders were devoted to attend to the needs of patients and those of lower level employees. This was in an effort to raise the healthcare standards the attributes that result from transformational leadership are universal and are mediated by specific cultural expectations from the lower employees (Miller, 2006). The characteristics of leadership in KHCC were not cultural specific. There is new form of leadership that is different from the previous one. The new leadership is goal oriented and allows participation of the followers in identification, implementation and evaluation of projects and programs aimed at improving the performance of the healthcare. However transformational leadership can be autocratic or democratic but the form of leadership that is observed in KHCC involves all the stakeholders in the project design and implementation of their programs. The aspect of involvement of the stakeholders fall under four components in KHCC i. e. intellectual stimulation, idealized stimulation, ideological motivation and individual consideration (Jeffrey, Gregory & Andrew, 2007). Inspirational motivation can be created by leaders by articulating the future of the organization through setting of higher goals and standards that are inspiring and appealing to the follower. These goals or standards make the follower to be optimistic in what they are doing and therefore they will sacrifice themselves even where there are difficulties. For an organization to move to higher level of service it requires the team members to sacrifice themselves. Activities such as problem solving, daily meeting and working in late hour’s in order to meet the goals and objectives of the organization requires personal sacrifice and therefore there is need for the stake holders to be motivated (Miller, 2006). Initially the safety of the patients was compromised and therefore the leaders and the followers of KHCC committed themselves inured to create higher standards and improve the health care services. Idealized influence can be achieved when the follower admire or emulate a leader as being ideal. The followers of KHCC admired their leaders since they had high level of commitment, show of professionalism and they were willing to take care of patients. Respect of the leaders is also necessary in the achievement of the vision of the organization. In KHCC the goals are expressed to the team as inspirations and all the stakeholders are involved. There is training for staff at all levels based on the individual needs. Team building serves to reinforce commitment mutual respect and gathering ideas. Intellectual stimulation and individual consideration are behaviors among the leaders that attend to individuals with challenging issues or needs, concerns and soliciting the ideas of others (Andrea, 1997). Cultural sensitivity also contributed to the transformation of KHCC. This refers to the art of understanding the preference, norms and biases which may result to ineffective patient interaction. Cultural sensitivity and competence contribute to the success of the organization. At KHCC the staffs are recruited with knowledge of global technologies and communication that contribute to a medical society globally. Currently many international corporations are living expatriates with both local and western knowledge. Cultural competence can be gained by deploying information technology (Bommel, 2005). Prior to the transformation of KHCC information technology was poor and therefore the rapid growth of the center required a wider distribution of information technology. At KHCC video conferencing internet and e-mail access, access to national and global libraries of health, telepathology have been made possible. The increased use of information technology has influenced transnational culture (Moe, 2007). The establishment of the information technology was to enhance the health services to patients. The technologies have made KHCC to advance into western center for cancer. There is advanced training that has facilitated competent and qualified clinical scientist who is familiar with therapeutic and clinical oncopology practice. Through the training they have succeeded in both internal and international medical environment (Bommel, 2005). â€Å"End of life† is a service that has been implemented in KHCC and did not exist previously. This is a system that was implemented during transformation and was aimed at prolonging life. The system is also aimed at paying attention to quality of life of patients. The staffs have been able to create and mobilize cultural support through training that they undergo under palliative care. The staff has also diversified their language in order to break the language barrier and cater for the needs of all the stake holders. The influence and control between the stakeholders also have contributed to the rapid transformation of KHCC. The confidence and trust that is created by the leaders confer the followers’ willingness to follow or have an explanation of their willingness. KHCC staffs were able to create this confidence among their followers and therefore contributed to the rapid growth (Andrea, 1997). The staffs were also genuine and sincere in their commitment towards the achievement of KHCC the relationship between the domestic organization of healthcare, senior staffs and the overseas organization was vital for the transformation of KHCC. This relationship enabled the center to use effectively the technologies in order to cater for the needs of the stakeholders. Conclusion Culture extends beyond the boundaries of institutes. The professional role of culture and cultural context that is carried within information technology can make globalization to be possible. Political competence as a characteristic of a leader has a particular utility in the role of government in promoting health care and resource use and exchanges. Government incentives should include political capabilities in setting external broader boundaries in environment. Political capabilities can help to achieve the desired goals of an institution since they impact on their financial status. Therefore political competence need to be identified and leaders be trained on how to posses them. During the rapid changes of KHCC there were growing number of patients and programs and services increased (Moe, 2007)

Turkish Reform Under Mustafa “Ataturk” Kemal

Turkish Reform Under Mustafa â€Å"Ataturk† Kemal: A Review on the Six Arrows of Kemalism In the aftermath of World War I, the once great Ottoman Empire was left in shambles. After having lost almost all of the empire’s territory to European mandates in 1918, what little they had left became occupied by Allied troops. In order to return the Turkish people to their former glory, the Turkish War for Independence was fought, resulting in the creation of a new government in Ankara. By 1923, this government declared the end of the Ottoman Empire and proclaimed the name of the Turkish Republic.At the forefront of this new nation’s birth was Mustafa Kemal, a man who would come to be known as Ataturk, or â€Å"Father Turk† for his contributions to the establishment and reforms of this young state. But what exactly did this Ataturk do for the Republic of Turkey? In order to understand how much an influence Kemalist ideology had on the early days of the Turkish Repu blic, one must define the six basic principles behind it, known as the Six Arrows, learn how they were implemented in the early republic, and analyze the motives behind Kemal’s specific reforms.After doing thusly, one will discover that, had it not been for the influence of Kemalism, Turkey would never have existed in its modern form. The first of the Six Arrows is Republicanism. Republicanism can be defined as a form of government in which the people rule indirectly. Unlike the former Ottoman Empire, in which the primary ruler was the sultan who inherited his position through his genealogy, the Turkish Republic was conceived as a nation through which representatives from among the people would make decisions (86-88). In order to see this idea of Republicanism come to fruition, the long standing sultanate had to be dissolved.Though Kemal intended for this to be a reality since the early days of the War for Independence, he kept this agenda a secret from the populace in order to keep morale and war support high. Had he announced the idea of Republicanism earlier, he might not have been backed by the more traditionalist sectors of the nation. Even after securing victory in the war in 1922, Kemal met with some difficulty in ending the sultanate. Firstly, since its historical foundation under Osman I, the Ottoman Empire had always been ruled by a sultan. This time-honored tradition made the bolishment even more difficult due to the fact that for the past four centuries, the Ottoman sultan occupied the position of caliph of Sunni Islam. So long as the same figure was assigned to both roles, Kemal would have difficulty ending either one. Therefore, in an assembly discussing the nature of the caliphate and sultanate, Kemal claimed that, aside from the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs, the position had become politicized and drifted from its original purpose of solely guiding the Muslim populace on a spiritual level, bereft of any temporal authority.His address to t he assembly resulted in the separation of these two powers and the end of the sultanate. While the last sultan, Mehmed VI, was expelled from the nation shortly afterward, his cousin, Abdulmecid Efendi, took the position of Sunni Caliph – something which Mustafa Kemal would deal with in the years to come (Hanioglu 135-40). In September of 1923, Kemal declared the founding of what would eventually become the Republican People’s Party, made up of representatives from all walks of life including farmers, scholars, merchants, and common workers which would be able to represent the people adequately (143).That October would see Kemal’s declaration of the nation of Turkey as a republic through a unanimous decision from the National Assembly, who would then elect him as the first President of the Republic of Turkey (Volkan 236-237). The next Kemalism’s Six Arrows is Populism. In his review on Turkish History, Sina Aksin describes populism as â€Å"an ideology wh ich safeguards the people, promoting policies for the welfare of all. While populism as a principle designed to bring about what it deems best for the populace as a whole, it is also concerned with enacting change for the better of the minority and individual, bringing all groups within the Turkish nation to a common standing, so long as such change has a positive effect on the mainstream society (Aksin 231). One of the most radical ways that Kemal brought this principle to life was through the emancipation of women’s rights. Being a heavily traditional Muslim society, the Ottoman Empire allowed women very few freedoms.Mustafa Kemal, on the other hand, borrowing from the Swiss legal system, developed new laws which gave Turkish women more rights. Previously, it had been acceptable for a man to marry several women and divorce his wife at his own discretion, where as a woman was unable to ever leave her husband on her own accord. Under the new laws, men were only allowed to hav e a single wife through a civil marriage, which could only be dissolved through a civil divorce process.Furthermore, until the new civil codes came into existence, traditional Muslim sharia law only allowed a woman to inherit up to half the value of a man’s inheritance, regardless of her familial position. Women were finally given the ability to enter a number of different lines of work, the most important of which were teaching positions (Mango 437-38). Perhaps an even greater societal change in the Turkish nation came with the end of the millet system. Though this was never an officially declared reform, it came naturally with the institution of national Populism.Under the Ottoman sultanate, members of minority groups existed in small autonomous settlements within the empire called millets, usually classified according to their professed religion. However, since Kemalist ideology effectively sought equality among all citizen groups, this naturally extended to those of diffe rent religious creeds. Under the new laws, which applied to everyone, the legal exceptions made for Christians and Jews in the millet system became obsolete, and eventually they ceased to exist altogether (Volkan 319).Though not originally in the constitution, the principle Arrow of Secularism came to be one of the most influential ideas of the Turkish Republic (Reisman 7). The modern idea of Secularism is a complete separation of Church and State, in which neither institution is involved in influencing the other. Kemalist Secularism, on the other hand, is concerned primarily with placing the State above the Church. Kemal sought not only to keep the influence of Islam and the ulema out of Turkey’s new governing body, but to give the ruling faction the power and authority to regulate and suppress Islamic ideologies.This is not to say that Kemal was anti-religion. Kemalism simply attempted to confine religious fervor to the private sector. The earliest and most drastic implemen tation of this principle was seen in the dissolution of the Sunni Caliphate. While separating the political authority of the sultan and the spiritual rule of the Caliphate caused Kemal to be heralded as a champion of Islam, such cheers of heroism would be silenced once he revealed his plan to dissolve the Caliphate as well. He would justify this by again explaining that, after the reign of the FourRightly Guided Ones, the true Caliphate had ended, becoming a tool of the nation (Hanioglu 151). Though Kemal professed to impose this reform for the sake of Islam, it is far more likely that his motivations were anticlerical. Considering the heavy influence that the ulema had on the former Ottoman Empire, Kemal’s choice to dismantle the Caliphate came from a desire to secure power in the secular government without question from a higher religious authority (Davison 138). In addition to this, Kemal closed down the madrasas in 1924, replacing them with secular schools, and in 1925 ba nned all Sufi mystic lodges.While some claim that these efforts were attempts at making religion seem obsolete, it is far more likely that Kemal did this to keep loyalties in order. Since the idea of Turkish Nationalism was still fairly new, Kemal needed to suppress religious zeal so that the populace would be committed to the state first, and their faith second (Hanioglu 155). Added alongside Secularism, the next of the Six Arrows is Revolutionism, the motives for which can best be summed up in a quote from Kemal himself: â€Å"The aim of the revolutions which we†¦ re now accomplishing is to bring the people of the Turkish Republic into a state of society entirely modern†¦ in spirit and from. This is the central pillar of our Revolution† (qtd. in Davison 87). Despite its etymological implications, Revolutionism in the Kemalist sense is intended to be completely peaceful. Some translate the term inkilapcilik, used in the Turkish constitution, as Reformism, in order to distance the concept from the violence associated with the historical idea of revolution. Revolutionism as a Kemalist ideology simply means the modernization, and, in the case of Turkey, the westernization of the country (Parla 92-93).One of the most significant reforms in this area was the state enforced usage of surnames. While this may not seem very progressive to western cultures, the Ottoman Empire existed for centuries without the usage of family names. With the introduction of this practice, the government was able to organize documents far more efficiently. Whereas before, governments had to include names of one’s father and mother as well as significant personal information to identify someone, the usage of a family surname made people far more distinguishable on paper. This reform was enforced further by the ban on usage of traditional titles such as Pasha r Efendi, which gave a description of one’s status. Instead, men were force to use Bay and women had to use Bayan, which were respective Turkish equivalents for Mister and Miss (Mango 498-99). Though seemingly less significant to western audiences, the Hat Law of 1925 brought about a change towards Revolutionism in a way that was not only profound, but visually noticeable. Under this new law, government officials were required to wear western style hats, while traditional headgear, such as the fez or turban, was banned. In the Ottoman Empire, one of the distinguishing features of class could be seen in the headgear that one donned.The turban was a hat which only the ulema, or religious scholars could wear. The fez, on the other hand, was worn by civil servants of the empire, eventually becoming a feature that westerners began to associate solely with the Oriental idea of the Ottoman Empire. Kemal used the Hat Law of 1925 to ban these two types of hats, not only because they inspired segregation between difference national classes, but because he felt a strong need to break all ties with the previous empire, intending Turkey to become a modern western nation in spirit (Aksin 202-04).Perhaps as important to Kemalist ideology as the idea of Secularism, if not more so, is the Arrow of Nationalism. Unlike the western concept of Nationalism, which is concerned with the geo-political superiority of one’s state, Kemalism sought to promote Turkish Nationalism through the country’s own merit as an individual nation. While the European Nationalist regimes of Napoleon or Hitler attempted to further their state’s through imperialistic conquest, Kemal saw no need to expand Turkey’s borders, instead focusing on bolstering pride in being a member of what he saw to be a noble race (Aksin 230).Kemal hoped to establish an identity for the Turkish people, who, until this point, had never had a true homeland of their own. After the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire into French and British mandates cut off most of the empire’s Arab citizens, the remaining population was almost entirely Turkish, with the exception of a small Kurdish percentage (Hanioglu 133). In order to set up this new identity, Kemal set about commissioning a number of scholastic reforms of Turkish society. He began this by heading the idea known as the Turkish History Thesis. After founding the Society for the Examination of Turkish History n 1931, Kemal recruited renowned archeologists and historians such as Eugene Pittard, and formed a theory proclaiming the Turks as the original civilized race. They claimed that since Trojans and Greeks were racially similar and Trojans came from Anatolia, the Trojans were descendants of the original Turks. Likewise, when ancient Turkish society, which these historians believed came from Central Asia, began to migrate, they founded the Sumerian and Hittite Empires and began to help in the development of other primitive civilizations, such as the Chinese and Indians (164-170).Yet as extensive as Kemal’s attempts at forming the Turkish History Thesis were, they did not accomplish the practical advantages that his language reform did. This began in 1928 with the state enforced switch from the Arab-Persian script to a Latin based alphabet, which Kemal believed more suitable to the Turkish language. He furthered this idea by commissioning scholars to discover what they deemed â€Å"pure Turkish vocabulary,† derived from words and phrases used in Turkish speech but not in other languages.Soon after, these scholars developed the Sun-Language Theory, which, based off of similarities between Turkish and other world languages, claimed that Turkish was the first spoken language (Mango 494-95). Though this theory lacked legitimate evidence, it justified borrowing words for the new state approved form of Turkish, as through this view all words developed from an original Turkish language. Soon after the language the development of the new standard Turkish, translations of many of the nationâ€⠄¢s important documents, such as the constitution and Kemal’s Great Speech were translated.It would take a number of years for the new form to be used fluently by the people, however these efforts were sped by state issued pocket Ottoman-Turkish dictionaries (Hanioglu 171-79). Finally, Kemalist ideology is also defined by the Arrow of Statism, or Etatism. This is the idea of modernizing in terms of economic and technological advances. A major part of Kemalist Statism is the government’s active role in guiding the economy. That is not to say that Statism is completely anti-capitalist. On the contrary, Kemalism supports the idea of personal property and free enterprise when it benefits the people.However, for the most part, the ideal Kemalist government is one that is heavily involved in the regulation of such commerce (Parla 125). The first attempt at government managed economy was the nationalization of foreign commerce. This was done for a number of reasons. First, Ke mal wanted to establish ties with foreign, mostly European nations in an attempt towards westernization and expansionism. Since Kemal based most of his models for his new nation off of preexisting European ones, he felt that relations with such nation would prove to be a useful tool.Ironically, Kemal’s other reason for nationalized foreign investment was to prevent such expansionism in the other direction. With World War I still only a short time behind them, most of the world had eyes on Turkey. Foreign powers could easily turn investment in the public sector of the Turkish people into a bridge for imperialism. Thus, to prevent such threats from coming to fruition, the Turkish government sponsored services including electricity, water distribution, docks, and gas instillations, starting in the early 1920s.This not only helped Turkey provide for the necessities of its people, but gave them a strong economic foothold in the years of the Great Depression. Among these new govern ment funded resources, there was a large emphasis on the construction of railroads. Beginning in 1923, new railway lines spanning over 3,350 kilometers were constructed. This focus on railway expansion was due to the limited resources owned by the state. Trains ran on steam engines, fueled by coal, which was an abundant natural resource in Turkey.While many other nations focused on expanding motorways during this period, this would have caused a need to import petrol from foreign nations, making Turkey economically dependent on countries able to provide such fuel (Aksin 223-24). Mustafa Kemal continued to implement his idealistic reforms until his death in 1938. Despite never being able to establish Turkey as a nation that completely embodied his ideology, he left behind a legacy by which he is revered to this day. Street corners and government establishments are still adorned with his image, in honor of his great achievements.It is safe to say that had it not been for his efforts a t reform, Turkey would never have risen to it’s current place in the modern world. It is possible that it may never have even existed without him. In conclusion, one may realize that many of Ataturk’s reforms seem to fall under more than one of his Six Arrows. The establishment of a single party, made up of representatives from all classes fulfills the Republican requirements of the new government, while assuring that the Populist â€Å"voice of the people† will be heard.Ataturk’s language reforms were not only Revolutionary, completely reorganizing the old Ottoman linguistic structure, but helped establish a Nationalist identity through the Sun Language Theory. One can only understand what Kemal did for Turkey by understanding that the Six Arrows of Kemalism were guidelines by which Ataturk devised new laws for the new Turkish Republic – guidelines which compliment and fulfill each other – guidelines devoted to the progress of the Republic of Turkey. Works Cited Aksin, Sina. Turkey: From Empire to Revolutionary Republic. Washington Square, NY: New York UP, 2007. Davison, Andrew.Secularism and Revivalism in Turkey: A Hermeneutic Reconsideration. New Haven: Yale UP, 1998. Hanioglu, M. Sukru. Ataturk: An Intellectual Biography. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2011. Mango, Andrew. Ataturk. Woodstock, NY: Overlook, 2002. Parla, Taha, and Andrew Davison. Corporatist Ideology in Kemalist Turkey: Progress or Order? Syracuse, NY: Syracuse UP, 2004. Reisman, Arnold. Turkey's Modernization: Refugees from Nazism and Ataturk's Vision. Washington, DC: New Academia Publ. , LLC, 2006. Volkan, Vamik D. , and Norman Itzkowitz. The Immortal Ataturk: A Psychobiography. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1986.

Abina and the Important Men

Abina and the Important Men BY ckc74426 Abina and the Important Men: A Graphic History This graphic novel was a very interesting and unique take on history and on how it's traditionally told. The story is based on a young African slave girl, named Abina Mansah, in the nineteenth century. Most of the events that occur in the book take place in West Africa and more specifically in the Gold Coast Colony. It's based on the real-life event of Abina's trial against Quamina Eddo, who was a powerful and wealthy man. She believed that she was wrongfully enslaved.She wanted her voice to be heard and decided that she would take this man to court. The only problem with this was that he grew palm oil, which at the time was vital component of Britain's growing industrial production. Therefore, bringing him to court was a big deal. They were walking a very fine line in doing so, but in the same token they had to honor the new laws that they passed abolishing slavery. None the less, William Melton, the acting Judicial assessor, decided to give the girl a shot in court to prove Eddo guilty of wrongfully enslaving her.The account goes on to tell of the events that occurred in court. Abina tells her account of what had occurred and is questioned about her experience by Eddo's attorney, her own attorney, and Melton. She states that she was left by her old master in the hands of Eddo, but that her old master was going to return for her later. While staying at Eddo's plantation with his sister she was approached by his sister and was told that she was going to have to marry a man, Tando, against her will. She told them that she didn't like the man and wouldn't marry him.With this she was threatened and told that if she didn't marry him then she would be flogged. After she was told this she ran away and knew that she wanted her story to be heard. This is why she had come to Cape Coast to be free. In the end Quamina Eddo was found innocent of enslaving Abina. She was very upset by thi s news and stated that all she wanted was to be heard. She wanted to go to the court so that she could say what needed to be said. She wanted them to know how her life was. In the second half of the book you can find the original transcripts that tell you xactly of what was said during the trial.You can also find a section on the historical context, a reading guide, and a classroom guide. Personally, I thoroughly enjoyed this graphic novel. It was a really creative twist on the usual context of how history is normally told! I think that it kept me more interactive in the story and engaged. The main reason I enjoyed the book, along with many others I'm sure, is the story being focused on an unlikely person in history. Abina was Just a normal girl in history. She as a slave girl who didn't have any fancy education, nor was she wealthy or powerful.Basically, she was kind of like you or me in the grand scheme of world history. We don't hold any important role in history, yet we make up the majority of people in the history of our time. Its a wild thing to think about. It really makes you think about all of the history that was lost throughout the years! Who knows what other occurrences happened that, due to lack of good documentation or preservation was lost. What's even worse to consider is that throughout history there were people ho took it upon themselves to decide what was important and what was not.This is discuss is timely question of how people can so easily ignore what is right? For instance the men that were on the Jury and William Melton knew that Abina was most likely a slave. Even if she was labeled so, she was still being forced to marry a man that she didn't want to. This leads me to my next question, was she really a slave? My answer to that is a yes I believe, but I still would like to hear what others opinions are. As a girl, I can't help but side with Abina on this matter.Not only were they attempting to force her to marry someone else, but they were essentially taking her freedom away to choose her own path in life. No one likes to be told what to do and I admire her determination and courage in trying to give a voice to those who couldn't speak up for themselves. All in all this was a great book and I am really happy that you introduced us to it! It definitely made me consider all the voices that have gone unheard throughout history, but now I am left with only more questions about the history of our world and what it all means!

Globalization of Mcdonalds

Contemporary World Culture Globalization of McDonalds Globalization has affected almost every aspect of life in most all countries around the world from economic to culture with the exchange of goods, services and ideas influencing cultural changes around the world. Food is an important element in defining culture and the globalization of McDonald’s is huge. Most people when they hear the name McDonald’s immediately think of America. Equating McDonald’s with America is sensible since they opened their first restaurant in America back in 1953 and over the years directly influenced American culture in a tremendous way. From the days of a child’s first words McDonalds naturally comes off their lips as a place they want to eat. McDonald’s terms such as super size me have influenced teen culture by making its way into slang. McDonalds is the cool place to eat while at the same time driving our fast past give it to me now American culture. McDonald’s made it easy for Americans to get what they want fast and move on with life. McDonald’s has and still is a strong expression of American culture. When a McDonald's opens in a new neighborhood in a different country, people think of Americanization of the local culture. In reality McDonald’s more times than not has conformed to the local culture, not the other way around. McDonald’s also alters its regional menus to conform to local taste. McDonalds is in the business of making money and has found it makes the most money by giving people what they want. Different countries and cultures around the world have different needs and wants thus becoming an expression of global culture bring a common thread to pull together different cultures from around the world into one global fast food culture.

A Case Study On Potential Correlation Between Specific Student Characteristics And Academic Dishonesty In Writing

A Case Study On Potential Correlation Between Specific Student Characteristics And Academic Dishonesty In Writing Does academic dishonesty in writing differ among various student demographic categories at Emory? The purpose of this study was to examine potential significant associations between certain student characteristics (college year, gender, GPA, credit hours, hours spent on academics and pressure felt to succeed) and their involvement in academically dishonest activities on writing assignments. The data for this analysis were obtained from a voluntary questionnaire attempted by 228 students in QTM100 during the Fall 2014 semester. However, after applying exclusion criteria, only 195 out of the 228 were included in the analysis. Any student that did not have a fully completed survey was excluded; also, any observation with improbable or impossible responses was also not considered. For example, any student listing a GPA above 4.0, enrolling in credit hours above 22 or below 12, and/or spending over 70 hours per week on academics outside of class was excluded. In the questionnaire, cheating in writing was assessed through six parts, including citing fake page numbers and sources, having someone else write the paper, purchasing the paper online, paraphrasing without acknowledging sources, directly copying words without giving credit, and borrowing ideas without crediting the original source. If a student provided an affirmative response to any of these six parts, he/she was considered a â€Å"yes† for having taken part in academic dishonesty in writing; otherwise, he/she was identified as â€Å"no† for not having participated in such activities. Two-sample t-tests were conducted for the quantitative independent variables, namely GPA, credit hours and time spent on academics. The ?2 test was used for the categorical variables (pressure, gender, grade level). The sample of 195 students studied was majority freshman (51.3%), large majority of female students (73.3%), averaged a GPA around 3.41, was enrolled between 16-17 credit hours and spent an average of almost 17 hours every week on academics outside of class. The overall sample appeared to mostly feel a fairly high amount of pressure to succeed. A statistically significant association (a = 0.05) was only found for gender, where there is strong evidence to suggest that cheating in writing differs between males and females. For the other variables, we failed to find any significant association; rather, there is no apparent difference between those that have committed academic dishonesty in writing and those that have not. By comparing the â€Å"Yes† and â€Å"No† columns for each respective independent variable except gender, it can be observed that means for GPA, credit hours, hours spent on academics, and proportions for pressure felt to succeed between the two groups are largely the same. There are several limitations to what we can infer from this analysis. First, we cannot conclude any causal relationships due to the study’s observational nature. Also, this is not a random sample, so it may not be a good representation of all Emory students. The self-reported nature of the study also means that the accuracy of the data cannot be ascertained. However, in a greater sense of the Emory student population, it can be realized that academic dishonesty in writing is not specific to certain student demographics; many people, regardless of their GPA, the amount of pressure they feel or how busy they are with academics, have been academically dishonest in writing assignments at one point or another; oddly enough, though, it appears females are far more likely to cheat in writing than males. Appendix 1: Data cleaning and recoding. There was an extensive process to remove implausible values from the data set, including the following exclusion criteria. For GPA, initially, the minimum was 1.9 and maximum was 4.2. As it is impossible to obtain a GPA above 4.0, all GPA values above 4.0 were removed. For hours spent on academics, values ranged from 3 to 109; however, since the higher end of this range is fairly unlikely, the limit for hours spent on academics outside of class was decreased to 70, which seems to be a reasonable weekly maximum, after factoring in class time and necessary living tasks. Credit hours were adjusted to only contain values between 12 and 22, since this is the acceptable range for number of credit hours enrolled to qualify as an Emory College student. The original question â€Å"On a scale of 1-10, indicate how much pressure you feel to succeed† naturally yielded quantitative results under the â€Å"pressure† variable, but these numerical values were recoded into 3 categoric al intervals of pressure levels: minimal/moderate (0-5), high (6-8) and very high (9-10). Because QTM 100 is considered an introductory college course, it was unreasonable to expect an even distribution of students between the four college years; more than half of the eligible sample consisted of freshmen (100 of 195). As a result, the categorical variable representing year in college was re-coded into a dichotomous categorical variable, with possible categories of freshman and 2nd year and above. Any observation that failed to meet the above limit criteria, or originally did not have the entire questionnaire complete, were coded as missing and excluded from the analysis. Appendix 2: Statistical analysis. *All mentions of â€Å"cheating† and â€Å"academic dishonesty† refer only to academic dishonesty in writing. â€Å"Yes† and â€Å"No† groups refer to those that have been academically dishonest in writing and those that have not, respectively. Association between college year (freshman, 2nd year and above) and academic dishonesty ?2 test of independence H0: college year and academic dishonesty are independent HA: college year is associated with academic dishonesty. ?2 = 1.45; p-value = 0.2279 At the a = 0.05 significance level, we fail to reject H0 and conclude that academic dishonesty is independent of college year, and there is no statistically significant evidence to suggest there is an association. This result is quite practically meaningful, as it appears that cheating is independent of college grade level. Association between gender (male, female) and academic dishonesty ?2 test of independence H0: academic dishonesty is independent of gender HA: gender is associated with academic dishonesty ?2 = 10.64; p-value = 0.0011. At the a = 0.05 significance level, we reject H0 and conclude that academic dishonesty is associated with gender. Specifically, there is statistically significant evidence to suggest that academic dishonesty is far more prevalent among female than male students. It is hard to say if there is any practical significance in this result, given the largely disproportionate amount of females in the sample, but the very low p-value suggests that in practice, perhaps females are far more susceptible than males to participate in academic dishonesty. Association between GPA and academic dishonesty â€Å"Yes† group: mean GPA, 3.41; standard deviation, 0.36 â€Å"No† group: mean GPA, 3.42; standard deviation, 0.40 Two-sample t-test for difference of means H0:  µYES =  µNO, HA:  µYES ?  µNO, where  µ represents true mean GPA t = 0.34; p-value = 0.7352 There appears to be no apparent difference in GPA between the two groups. Unsurprisingly, at the a = 0.05 significance level, we fail to reject H0 and conclude that academic dishonesty is independent of student GPA, and there is no statistically significant evidence to suggest an association. This result is quite practically meaningful, as it is surprising to observe that students with lower GPAs are not more susceptible to cheating. Association between number of credit hours taken and academic dishonesty â€Å"Yes† group: mean credit hours, 16.37; standard deviation, 2.17 â€Å"No† group: mean credit hours, 16.44; standard deviation, 2.12 2-sample t-test for difference of means H0:  µYES =  µNO, HA:  µYES ?  µNO, where  µ represents true mean number of credit hours taken t = 0.24, p-value = 0.8119 At the a = 0.05 significance level, we fail to reject H0 and conclude that academic dishonesty is independent of number of credit hours taken, and there is no statistically significant evidence to suggest an association. This result is quite surprising as well, as it would be expected that students with a greater course load would have less time on average to allot to individual assignments, leading to a higher amount of cheating; however, this does not appear to be the case. Association between hours spent on academics outside of class and academic dishonesty â€Å"Yes† group: mean hours spent on academics, 16.29; standard deviation, 7.18 â€Å"No† group: mean hours spent on academics, 17.19, standard deviation, 8.71 Two-sample t-test for difference of means H0:  µYES =  µNO, HA:  µYES ?  µNO, where  µ represents true mean hours spent on academics outside of class t = 0.78, p-value = 0.4336. At the a = 0.05 significance level, we fail to reject H0 and conclude that academic dishonesty is independent of number of hours spent on academics outside of class, and there is no statistically significant evidence to suggest an association. This is also surprising, as in practice, it would be expected that those that spend less time on academics tend to be more lazy and find shorter ways to get their writing assignments done. Association between pressure felt to succeed and academic dishonesty ?2 test of independence H0: academic dishonesty is independent of pressure felt HA: pressure felt is associated with academic dishonesty ?2 = 0.50, p-value = 0.7791. At the a = 0.05 significance level, we fail to reject H0 and conclude that academic dishonesty is independent of pressure felt to succeed, and there is no statistically significant evidence to suggest an association. This is quite practically meaningful, as it would be expected that those that felt a lot of pressure to succeed would be more likely to succumb to cheating, but in fact, it is those that feel little/moderate pressure that have the highest proportion of cheaters.

Critical thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Critical thinking - Essay Example Concerning this, even if the government raises tax for cigarettes, the consumption or demand of them is still higher. The only way therefore in order to control smoking is to do a move that would discourage production and sale of cigarettes. Regarding this point, it makes sense that production and sale of cigarettes should be made illegal. Smoking is perhaps for some is one of the coolest things a person could do in his entire life. For sure, the reason why some teenagers go take into the plunge to smoke is due to social influence. It always starts this way; not even including how a smoker might convince a non-smoker to go a try for it. However, due to human curiosity, there are seemingly wonderful things about smoking that one could link to it. Without question, there must be wonderful feeling or benefits linked to smoking, which particularly has become the major point why there are still many people who smoke and continue to do so even if they already knew the health hazards associ ated to it. Some of them are becoming dependent on smoking, that their life for the day would not be completed without puffing a smoke. The idea therefore of putting a legal act against cigarette production and distribution may sound of a discomfort to those who have become so dependent on smoking. ... Although at certain level, those who would stand against the government’s control of production and distribution of cigarettes may have a point of opposing this policy, there is still much point to consider why it is important to take into account the production and sale of cigarettes as illegal activities. Here are the following rationale why it is necessary to put a legal action against the production and sale of cigarettes. The health of the nation is a very important concern of the government. Every year, the US government spends a remarkable amount of money for health care alone and other relevant expenses (Chisolm, 2008). The point is that we see that the government is always concerned of ensuring protection and welfare of the public, allowing it to guarantee that everybody is protected by emancipating laws and policies. Since cigarettes have negative impacts on the human health, their ultimate contribution therefore is to possibly increase the country’s health ca re expense and even mortality rate. Cigarettes kill. The reason they could kill is because of the high level of toxicity in some components in them (Shirazi & Guinet, 2006, p.167; Mortaz, Henricks, Givi & Folkerts, 2011, p.1104; Ward, Berenson & Breitkopf, 2011, p.213.e1). This simply means that cigarettes could not be far from potential harmful chemicals used by criminals to annihilate their subjects’ lives. Just as criminals are confined behind bars for committing crimes associated with killing particularly poisoning their targets, manufacturing cigarettes that in the end would just result to the harm of one’s life may simply be a form of crime in that same sense. Try to figure out that cigarettes are found